Cathedral Intercession on the Moat that is also called St. Basil - Orthodox Christian church , located on Red Square in Moscow. A well-known monument of Russian architecture.
St. Basil's Cathedral was built in 1555-60 years on the orders of Ivan the Terrible to commemorate the conquest of Kazan and the victory over the Kazan Khanate in place demolished a wooden Holy Trinity Cathedral .
There are several theories about the creators of the cathedral. According to one version , the architect was the famous master of Pskov Postnik Yakovlev , nicknamed Barma .On the other hand, a well-known version of Barma and Postnik - two different architects , both involved in construction, this version is now obsolete. According to legend , the architect (architect ) Cathedral have been blinded by order of Ivan the Terrible , so that they could not build more like a temple.However, if the church is the author of Postnik , it could not be blinded , because within a few years after construction of the cathedral was involved in the creation of the Kazan Kremlin .
The temple consists of nine churches , united with each other: the Intercession of the Virgin (central ), Trinity (eastern ), Entry into Jerusalem (western ) , Gregory Armenian ( north-west .), Alexander Svirsky ( yugo-vost. ), Barlaam Khutyn ( yugo-zap. ), John the Merciful (formerly known as John , Paul, and Alexander of Constantinople ) ( North-East . ) Nicholas Velikoretsky (South ), and Adrian Natalia (formerly known as Cyprian and Justina ) ( NE )).Church consecrated in honor of the holidays that came during the decisive battles for Kazan , each topped with its own dome , plus tenth of the bell tower. All nine churches united by a common base, a bypass (initially open) and inside the gallery vaulted passages.
In 1588, the north-east to the cathedral was built a chapel , consecrated in honor of St. Basil ( 1469-1552 ) , whose relics were on site construction of the cathedral . The name of this chapel of the cathedral gave the second, The everyday name .
In the 1670s built tent bell .
The cathedral has been restored several times .In the XVII century, were added to the asymmetric extensions, tents over the porches, intricate decorating titles ( originally they were gold ), ornamental painting inside and out (originally he was a white church ).
In 1929, closed, bells were removed .Again began to be used for worship since 14 October (the feast of the Protection ) Act 1991 . Worship services are performed in churches clergy charge, and China-town .
Since 1990, the temple -museum re- started collecting bells. At present, this collection - one of the richest collections of operating not only in Moscow but also in Russia.A total of 19 bells museum established in the 1547-1996 year ( the casting room - Ural , Yaroslavl, Moscow, as well as France, Holland, Germany , Western Belarus). The bells were cast by such famous artists as Theodore and Ivan Motorin , Simon Mozhzhuhin , PI Olovyashnikov , PN Finland , AA Samghin.The cathedral also has an interesting collection of weapons since Ivan the Terrible .
St. Basil's Cathedral - one of Russia 's most famous landmarks . For many inhabitants of planet Earth is a symbol of Moscow ( the same as the Eiffel Tower for Paris).Front of the church in 1931 placed a bronze monument to Minin and Pozharsky (installed on Red Square in 1818 ).
Today, the cathedral - the official branch of the Historical Museum , located across the street. The temple is open to the public every day except Tuesday. Worship services are held in the cathedral regularly.
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