Palace Square - the main square of St. Petersburg.
It is the geometric area of about 5 hectares ( about twice the Red Square in Moscow).
The architectural ensemble .
The basis for building the Palace Square was the fifth existing Winter Palace ( 1754-1762 , architect Rastrelli ).The facades of the Winter Palace facing the Neva , the Admiralty and Palace Square. South , trailing space , cut through the arch.
In the years 1770-1780 along the southern boundary of the square was erected a few buildings on the project YM Felten. In their place was erected in 1819-1829 grand arched General Staff building (the architect KIRossi ), with a triumphal arch. Two buildings , connected by an arch span the space of the square , give the appearance of solemnity and monumentality. Rossi brilliantly decided to urban planning problem by creating a composition within a complex site plan , given Felten curved boundary line area and the area of an acute angle with the Moika River .
On the east side of Palace Square are a large headquarters building Guards Corps ( 1837-1843 years, the architect A. Briullov) , in the center - the Alexander Column ( 1830-1834 , architect Auguste Montferrand , the figure of an angel made Boris Orlovsky ).As well as the Arc de Triomphe of the General Staff , a monument dedicated to the victories of Russian arms in the war against Napoleon. Different styles of buildings beautifully organized space , agreed to scale.
From the south- west to the 1840s at the corner of Palace Square and Nevsky Prospect is the building of the Free Economic Society .In the years 1845-1846 on the site built building (architect I. Chernik DA ) , whose facade is in harmony with the facade of the General Staff . From the north -west side, between the Admiralty and the Winter Palace until the end of the XIX century existed Adjustable Square. In the years 1896-1901 in its place before the palace was laid out garden with a fountain (the architect N. Kramskoy , R.Shmelling , horticulturist R. F. Katzer ). 1920 square fence was dismantled and used to decorate the park at Prospect Strikes . Fountain itself was renovated in 2007-2008 with the restoration of the historic species.
During the restoration of the Palace Square in 2001 were carried out archaeological research.The excavations found the foundation of the lodge Anna Ivanovna . At one time he represented the three-storied palace , built by Rastrelli in 1746. In accordance with the plan of restoration area foundation has been studied , photographed and re- buried underground.As one of the options discussed idea to leave a fragment of the foundation for a review , covering it with a thick solid glass.
1828-1834 . Alexander Column .
column (often called its Alexander Column , a poem by A.Pushkin's \Pushkina \u0026laquo;Pamyatnik\u0026raquo;) \u0026mdash; mengir, odin iz izvestnyeĭshih pamyatnikov Peterburga.
Vozdvignut v stile ampir v 1834 godu v tsentre Dvortsovoĭ ploshchadi frantsuzskim arhitektorom Ogyustom Monferranom po ukazu imperatora Nikolaya I v pamyatʹ o pobede yego starshego brata Aleksandra I nad Napolyeonom.
The project was approved by His Majesty in 1829 , the monument was opened in 1834. Above the podium decoration worked great authors: sketch drawings executed A. Montferrand on them on cardboard artists JB Scotti, V. Soloviev , Tver , F. Brullo , Mark wrote a life-sized bas-reliefs . Sculptors PV Svintsov and I.Lepp sculpted bas-reliefs for the casting. Model of double eagles made the sculptor I. Lepp, database model , garlands and other decorations - modeler - ornamentalist E. Balin.
The bas-reliefs on the pedestal of a column in allegorical form glorify the victory of Russian arms and symbolize the bravery of the Russian army , casting was done at the factory C. Byrd.Pink granite monolith was prepared under the direction of mastepov S. Kolodkin and Yakovlev by the method of SK Sukhanov in quarry near Vyborg Pyuterlakskoy in 1830-1832 , respectively.With great difficulty he was moved from the quarry Pyuterlakskoy in 1832 at the specially constructed for this purpose the barge to St. Petersburg and set engineer A. Betancourt . The monument is crowned by the figure of an angel by Boris Orlovsky.
Later ( in 1876) by architect Konstantin Rahab decorative lights have been added in the column .
The restoration of the area.
[edit] The events connected with the palace area .
Entertainment perestroika period.
on Palace Square on the 90th of the XX century, concerts and public events :.
o Precast concert during the August putsch putsch ( 1991 ).
o Joe Cocker.
o , Paul McCartney , June 20, 2004.
o Elton John.
o The Rolling Stones, June 28, 2007 .
o Edita .
o Time Machine .
In addition, there is a commercial project of building a large rink in public areas with construction of various buildings and large power plants, causing a sharp negative assessment of the Directorate Hermitage.
Skating Rink at Palace Square .
In November 2007, at Palace Square was built charged rink with artificial ice.Rink immediately attracted the attention of numerous social organizations in the city who protested against the illegal construction of the rink, restrict access to parts of the Palace Square and Alexander Column to approach , to which access should be free. Rink was closed in March 2008.
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