Uman

Ornament of the city is Dendrological Park Sofiyivka National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine - a remarkable creature late XVIII-early XIX century. , A poem in stone , water, vegetation , architecture and sculptures.

It is spread over an area of ​​180 hectares , and today impresses visitors with its unique beauty and mysterious romance .

Sofiyivka Park was created by the owner of the town of Uman Polish magnate Stanislav Schensnim ( Felix ) Potocki as a gift , beautiful wife, Sophia Greek woman Witt - Potocki.The author of the topographical and architectural design and construction manager of the park was designated a talented Polish military engineer Ludwig Metzel , and immediately complied with all the work in the park Umanschini craftsmen . Place to build Sophievka was very well chosen : a small stream , long nicknamed Mud .

.Uman is also the tomb of the founder of Hasidism Nachman of Bratslav Breslov , which attracts more than 20,000 pilgrims every year.

History.

16-17 century .

Umanschina in 1569 was part of Poland.

In 1616 the official documents referred to as the town of Uman .This town was located on the border between Poland and the Wild Fields. In 1629, a Uman already had a wooden fortress with moats and ramparts were 1064 court. The town belonged to the Bratslav province.

In 1648, Uman , Uman was the administrative center of the regiment. From 1648 to 1667 - a city within the Cossack Hetman - state.

After the armistice Andrusivskogo again became part of Poland.

In 1674 Uman was completely destroyed by Doroshenko with the Turks and Tatars . It was killed by a huge number of city residents. Following these events , the city is in decline. Most residents moved to the Left Bank.

18th century .

The decline lasted until 1726 , Uman in the outskirts of passes into the possession of Francis Potocki.

To strengthen Uman , Earl encourages migration here from other lands their peasants and artisans. Invites you to trade the Armenians, Greeks and Jews. Begins to build a new castle.

In 1764 Potocki founded in Uman, a Catholic monastery . The monks , in turn, open the theological school of 400 students. Uman was around a lot of suburban settlements of Cossack , who had to defend the land from gaydamatskih gang . The city turns into one of the most important cities of Kyiv and Cherkasy region west of the Dnieper .

During Kolіїvschini in 1768, under the direction of Zheleznyaka and I. Shingles , the city was cut off the Polish gentry , which is hidden - so-called Uman massacre . After the uprising , Uman again is in decline. The population is almost gone , trade withered .

In 1793 Uman joined the Russian Empire.

In 1795, Uman became chief town of the province of the Ascension of the Russian Empire , and in 1797, Uman is part of the province of Kiev.

19th century .

In the early nineteenth century, Uman became the center of Jewish religious movement - Hasidism.Rabbi Nachman , the great-grandson of the founder of Hasidism, Rabbi Baal Shem Tov, his last years he lived in Uman. He died in 1810 of tuberculosis. In his will, he was buried in the old Jewish cemetery , the burial place of the victim Kolіїvschini .

In 1826, a Uman built Church of the Assumption of the Virgin.Now it is a construction made ​​in the register of cultural heritage of Ukraine.

In the late nineteenth century , Uman turns into a typical provincial town Jewish .

20 century .

In 1900, the population of 30,000 , 21,500 were Jews. The city had three synagogues , 13 Jewish houses of worship , 4 private Jewish school.Were in Uman and 4 churches and a Catholic church . There was also a theater .

Before World War II the city became a major center of agricultural area . Uman was open agricultural institute.

During the Second World War, Uman, August 1, 1941 was occupied by German troops .The city has been arranged for concentration camp Umanskaya Pit captive Red Army men. According to the German command August 14, 1941 in Uman camp were 50,000 Soviet prisoners of war .

Because of Uman- operation Botoshanskoy city was liberated on March 10, 1944 .

After the war, became a district center of Uman and now known primarily for its unique park.

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