Samara
Samara ( from 1935 to 1991. Kuibyshev) - a major regional center of the Russian Federation , situated on the left high bank of the river Volga in the bend of the Samara Bend , between the mouths of rivers and river Samara juice . In terms of population ranks 6th in Russia.
The Russian chronicles 1361g .the first mention of the settlement near Samara Bend , including the pier with a fort soldier people in the confluence of the Volga River in Samara .
The official founding date of the fortress - in 1586 , when by order of Tsar Feodor Ivanovich on the banks of Samara, under the leadership of Prince Grigory Zasyekin has built a fortress town of Samara .
The main purpose of the fortress lay in the fact that it is possible to control the vast territory of the middle reaches of the Volga River and the mouth of the Samara, conduct a systematic conquest of land cover of Russia from the nomads and security of the waterway from Kazan to Astrakhan.
The first inhabitants were service people : knights , archers , gunners and collars , carrying guard service , guarding the new fortress ot vorov and the Nogai attacks. To the present day castle was not preserved, but in 1986In memory of quatercentenary city, on the corner of semiconductors and Krupskaya were built frame, imitating one of the towers of the fortress of Samara , and a fragment of a wall with a commemorative plaque.
In 1688 Samara was incorporated and began to serve as military bases and border trade center with the East.
In 1850, Emperor Nicholas I issued a decree to the Senate on the establishment of the province of Samara . This status allowed for 20 years the city became the largest city in the Volga region.
Samara Province was in first place in the Russian Empire on the number of collected wheat.Active trading colonial, manufactory and other goods carried in 375 stores. Weekly at two areas were colonies.During the year, were three major markets: the Cathedral (autumn ), and Kazan Vozdvizhenski (summer ), which lasted for ten days, sold at fairs , mostly grain, tallow , wool , horses , hides , cattle, camel cloth.
In 1877 the Orenburg railway that passes through its Samara linked with the industrial areas of Russia.Samara quay recognized one of the best on the Volga, and it took a year and here it was coming up to a thousand ships with a variety of goods.
Modern Samara remained an important port city in the Volga region and a major center of machine building and metalworking , food processing, as well as space and aviation industries.There are more than 150 large and medium industrial enterprises.
Samara Tourist attractive to the architectural variety of buildings built in different years , including many historical monuments. Among them, the Temple of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, the Iberian convent Strukovsky garden and much more.
In the building of the city is divided into four historical strata: .
1586 - 1706 years - old city,
1706 - 1780 years - earth wall ,
1780 - 1850 - county town .
1850 - 1917 - The provincial city .
surviving architectural heritage is represented by all the styles prevalent in Russia at that time .The most widely available works of architectural eclecticism , Russian, and brick styles , historical and romantic styling beginning of the XX century and Art Nouveau.
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