Rostov-na-Donu
Rostov- on-Don , southern city , the administrative center of Rostov Region and the Southern Federal District of Russia.
It is located on the Don River , 46 km from its confluence with the Sea of Azov.
In the modern city there are ruins of ancient settlements , construction of which dates from different periods - up to 5000 years ago.
Officially the city was founded December 15, 1749 , by decree of Empress Elizabeth, who told osnovavat near the tract , called \
Ofitsialʹno gorod byl osnovan 15 dekabrya 1749 goda, po ukazu imperatritsy Yelizavety Petrovny, kotoryĭ velel osnovavatʹ vblizi ot urochishcha, nazyvaemogo „Bogatyĭ kolodezʹ“.Temernitskuyu tamozhnyu.
Vesnoĭ 1750 goda v tamozhne byli postroeny pristanʹ, pakgauz, karantin, garnizonnaya kazarma.
In the years 1760-1761 to protect the lower reaches of the Don from Turkish raids in Rich well, and the construction of the fortress.
It was built in the shape of devyatiluchevoy star, had a circumference of 3.5 km and located between the present streets of Chekhov and serfs , Gorky Street and Stanislavsky.The fortress had two suburb : Dolomanovsky and Soldiers , which were located along the banks of the Don from the current lane to Dolomanovskogo Voroshilov Avenue.
It was a large garrison , armed with 238 guns. For half a century fortress used as a rear base of the Russian troops .She has played a significant role during the Russian- Turkish wars of the second half of XVIII century. In the Russian- Turkish war of 1768-1774 served as the base for an attack on Azov.
In 1779, a fortress to the east of the Armenians ( settlers from the Crimean peninsula) founded the settlement of Nor Nakhichevan.
August 9, 1797 Fortress , and Nakhichevan were a part of the Rostov district Novorossiysk province. As the fortress , by that time , has lost its military significance , the decree of Alexander I of August 17, 1807 she received the status of a district of the city.
During the Civil War, 1918-1920 Rostov played a significant role as a center of the White movement.Located 33 km from the capital of the Don Cossacks , Novocherkassk, Rostov was an important strategic point on the formation of Denikin's army and preparing the march on Moscow .
In the late 1920s in Chicago began active construction . In 1926 he laid the giant domestic agricultural machinery plant Rostselmash [11].November 29, 1935 opened the nation's largest Drama Theatre. Gorky auditorium seats 2200 and with the unique architecture of the building ( in the form of a tractor ) , staffed by well-known director A. Zawadzki , actors and VP Maretskaya RY Plyatt .
In September 1937, after the selection of pre-existing Azov-Black Sea region of the new - the Rostov region , Rostov -on-Don is its administrative center.
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