Rome

Rome - one of the oldest cities in the world . Situated on seven hills - the Palatine , the Capitol, Quirinal , Celio , Aventine , Eskvilin , Viminal . It was founded by Romulus Remus and April 21 753 BC. Oe. And now every year on this day the city celebrates its birthday , in honor of the holiday museums and attractions are working for free.For several centuries the city was a small settlement , but soon after, convenient location and aggressive military policy of Rome brought to the forefront . Now the city is home to about three million people. The most famous landmark is the Roman Colosseum (Colosseo).Construction of the amphitheater began after winning the Emperor Vespasian in Judaea, and ended the Emperor Titus in 80 first building was called the Flavian Amphitheatre, named after the emperors of descent , and only since the 8th century received its present name. For a long time the Coliseum was the main place of entertainment the inhabitants of Rome .Here were the gladiators , naumahii - sea battles , animal baiting . Near the Colosseum Arch of Constantine is built in 315 . In honor of the victory of Emperor Constantine at the Battle of Ponte Milvio .Departs from the Coliseum street Via del Fori Imperiali, on both sides of which are Forum Romanum, or just a forum , and Fori Imperiali, the Imperial Forums . Forum is situated in a valley between three hills - Palatine , and Capitoline Eskvilinskim .Over time the forum was the center of political and commercial life of the city, then passed laws elected consuls, to change money . To this day, the streets of the ruins of the Forum of palaces, arches , houses, the oldest of which is the Temple of Saturn.On Capitol Hill can be reached in three ways , one of them leads to the church of Santa Maria D' Aracheli , the second path leads to the Piazza del Campidoglio ( Capitol Square ), which was designed by Michelangelo.In the square there are three palaces - Palazzo Senator , which now runs city hall , the Palazzo Nuovo and Palazzo Conservatori , which was built specially for the museum , it was the first collection in the world , open to the public. The most famous fountain in Rome - Trevi Fountain , built in 1762 by Nicola Salvi.The name translates from Latin as the intersection of three roads. The water in the fountain comes from an ancient aqueduct , built in the 19th century . BC. Oe. One of the most popular tourist sites - the Spanish Steps - connects the Plaza de España and the Church of Trinita dei Monti .More than three hundred years in this area is the embassy of Spain in the 18th century the area around the square was considered as the Spanish possessions , and to cross its borders were not safe for the Italian , because you can automatically change their citizenship and get into the Spanish army .Ancient Roman temple Pantheon, which in Greek means - the temple of all gods , was built in 1 . BC. Oe. November 1 609 , the pagan temple was consecrated anew. Pantheon has a new name , the church of Santa Maria ad Martires . Since that time, November 1 , Catholics and Protestants celebrate All Saints Day .Here are buried Raphael , Carracci , members of the Savoy royal family , King Vittorio Emmanuel II and Umberto I. In the south- east of Rome, from the metro station S. Giovani begins Via Appia ( Appian Way ), the famous military road , which stretches for many kilometers to the city of Brindisi on the Adriatic. Built in 312 BC. Oe., It connected Rome with important ports. On the territory of Rome is a city-state - Vatican City . The Vatican has its own flag , coat of arms , a bank, press , security and train station. The most famous dostoroimechatelnosti in the Vatican is St. Peter's and Sistine Chapel, Michelangelo's schedule .Today in the Sistine Chapel are particularly solemn ceremonies, such as the conclave - the cardinals meeting at which elected a new pope. Gathered in the square believers learn about the election results by the conventional smoke signals : white smoke notify electing a new pope , black - the continuation of the Conclave.

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