Inkerman
Near the mouth of the river were Black , there are three monasteries: small - on the left bank of the river in the Black Ravine Kamenolomennom and two larger - on the southern and western slopes of the Monastery and Zagaytanskoy heights. Inkerman cave monastery is located on the right bank of the Black in the bottom of the cliff monastery .Information about him in the middle ages , unfortunately, is not to suggest that it originated in VIII - IX centuries. His main church of St Clement (formerly of St. George ) is named in honor of Bishop Clement, who was exiled in Inkerman quarry by the Roman emperor Trajan in I . and then drowned in the bay area for spreading Christianity Cossack .
After the expulsion of Christians from the Crimea, the monastery was abandoned , and in the middle of the XIX century, was rebuilt and began to operate under the name of the monastery Inkerman St Clement and Martin. Then there were the church land , houses, Guest house and outbuildings. At the same time being improved and extended the cave temples .
In the convent there were eight churches. All of them - and the cave and land - were reported among themselves and with the territory of the fortress passages and stairs carved into the rock. In 1907 he built the church of St. Nicholas - in memory of the Crimean War.
Inkerman monastery existed until 1926.During the defense of Sevastopol in 1941-42 terrestrial buildings of the monastery were destroyed, but survived the cave temples . Affected and might Calamita - from her left dilapidated walls and towers.
The first fortification on the Rock Monastery appeared in the VI century . It was founded by the local population. The life of the fortress of the early period no information.Its name is known from the Genoese nautical charts XIV - XV centuries .
The fortress defended Calamita trading port Mangupsky principality - Avlita . Later on her behalf and has been called a port.
In the XV century, led by feodorites Kalamita brisk business , enjoyed the port and the Crimean Khanate .Hence, slaves were taken away , seized by the Tatars in Russian, Ukrainian and Polish territories . Calamita has become a dangerous rival of Kafa .Thus, Kafa consul complained to Genoa : We are talking against Prince Theodore and his brothers, who ... contrary to the rights and privileges of Kafa openly constructing harbor in Kalam and in the same load and unload ships to serious damage of taxes Kafa .
During the military conflict with the Principality Mangupsky the Genoese in 1433 Calamita was the strong point of the capture of Theodoret Cembalo . But a year later under the command of the troops again took possession Lomellino Cembalo , besieged and Kalamita , demanding its surrender.
defenders of the fortress agreed to surrender on condition , if we had to save lives.But when the enemy entered the fort , it was empty. At night, all its defenders fled to the mountains . The Genoese looted and burned Kalamita . However, after the defeat at Lomellina Solkhat Mangup princes have built a fortress.
In 1475 the Turks captured the fortress and called Inkerman .One of the accompanying Russian ambassador in 1635, wrote of Inkerman : Living it Tatars, Greeks and Armenians. In addition to the town from the sea, the ships come from different countries. In the XVI - XVII centuries the Turks rebuilt the fortress with the new conditions - for the use of firearms . And owned Inkerman to the XVIII century.