Bakhchisarai

Bakhchisarai (Ukrainian Bakhchisarai , Crimea . Bağçasaray) - a town in central Crimea Bakhchisaray district center , the former capital of Crimean Khanate. The name translates from the Crimean Tatar as a palace - garden (bağça - Garden , saray - Palace).Located in the foothills , on the side of the Inner Ridge of Crimean Mountains, the forest-steppe areas in the valley flow Cachi - River Tchuruk -Su , 30 km southwest of the Crimean capital of Simferopol.

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The history of the territory of present Bakhchisarai long there were several settlements. By the time of formation of the first half of the XVI century.Among them were three main ones: the city- fortress of Kirk- Ep mountain cape (now known as the Calais ) , the village in the valley Salachik at the foot of Kirk- Era and the village of Eski Yurt at the exit of the valley. In Salachik and Kirk- Ere since the Golden Horde, there were administrative centers.At the turn of the XV and XVI centuries Khan Mengli I Giray launched in Salachik urban construction , planning to turn it into a major metropolitan center . Status as the capital of the Crimean Khanate village Salachik retained until 1532 , when his son Mengli Giray , Sahib I Giray, Khan's started a new residence within 2 km of Salachik , calling it Bakhchysarai .Later, around the new residence of the Khan's capital city has grown .

In the middle of XVII century Bakhchisaray consisted of 2,000 homes , about a third of which belonged to the Greeks. In 1736 the town was completely burned by the Russian army under the command of Minich .Survived to the present day buildings were constructed khan's palace in the city's reconstruction in the 1740s - 50s .In 1794 ( 11 years after the occurrence of the Crimea in the Russian Empire ) in Bakhchisarai was 5 mills , 20 bakeries , 13 leather workshops, six forges , tailoring , shoe and weapon shops, many trading houses and shops , 17 caravanserai for visitors .

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Things to major historical monuments and tourist attraction is the Bakhchisaray Khan Palace . Fountain of Tears in the Khan's Palace is glorified in a romantic poem by Pushkin Bakhchisarai Fountain (1822). The city has many mosques, among them are the Tahtali - Jami.

are also located near the city of Uspensky Cave Monastery , a medieval fortress (often referred to as the cave town ) Calais . Shown to the traditional two-storey house , whose second floor above the first.

During the XIX - early XX centuries the city was a center of cultural and social life of the Crimean Tatars .Up to the deportation of Crimean Tatars May 18, 1944 Bakhchisaray was one of three (along with Karasubazar and Alushta ) Crimean towns dominated by the Crimean Tatar population .